Fed bets $800 billion on consumers

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The Federal Reserve and Treasury Department on Tuesday unveiled a plan to pump $800 billion into the struggling U.S. economy in an attempt to jumpstart lending by banks to consumers and small businesses.

The government hopes that these initiatives will enable more money to flow to consumers in the form of loans than has occurred so far in previous bailout plans.
One program will make $200 billion available from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to holders of securities backed by consumer debt, such as credit cards, car loans and student loans.

The Treasury Department will allocate $20 billion to back that lending in order to cover any losses that the New York Fed might suffer.

In addition, the Federal Reserve, announced it will purchase up to $500 billion in mortgage backed securities that have been backed by Fannie Mae (FNM, Fortune 500), Freddie Mac (FRE, Fortune 500) and Ginnie Mae, the three government-sponsored mortgage finance firms set up to promote home ownership. It will also buy another $100 billion in direct debt issued by those firms.

Together, the programs from the Federal Reserve and the New York Fed are more than Congress approved in October for a bailout of the nation’s banks and Wall Street firms. The Fed said the money will come from an increase in its reserves — in essence, it is creating new money.

The idea is that by making money available for investors who are interested in buying loans bundled together into securities, it will be easier and more profitable for banks to loan money to consumers and small businesses.

Before the current credit crisis, lenders got the money they needed to extend credit by selling the loans they had already made. But the Treasury Department said the issuance of those securities essentially came to a halt in October.

Economy: Biggest drop in 7 years

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Gross domestic product falls 0.5% in the third quarter, showing greater economic weakness than original reading.

The troubled U.S. economy posted its biggest drop in seven years, according to a government report Tuesday.

The gross domestic product, the broadest measure of the nation’s economic activity, declined 0.5% in the three months ending Sept. 30, according to the Commerce Department.

This was in line with estimates from economists surveyed.

The original reading showed a 0.3% decline.

The third quarter drop was the biggest for the economy since a 1.4% decline in the third quarter of 2001, the last full quarter that the U.S. economy was judged to be in a recession.

While there has yet to be an official determination that the economy is currently in a recession, most economists believe the U.S. is already in one and that the economy is likely to continue to shrink in the fourth quarter and the beginning of 2009.

The economy took a huge hit from a pullback in consumer spending in the quarter. Spending by individuals, rather than businesses or governments, accounts for about 70% of the nation’s economic activity and remained strong enough in the most recent recession of 2001 to allow that downturn to be relatively mild.

But in the third quarter spending by consumers plunged by nearly $80 billion, or 3.7%, the biggest percentage drop in 28 years. And early readings on spending in October suggest that spending and the economy as a whole will be even weaker in the fourth quarter, hit by tight credit, rising job losses and low levels of consumer confidence.

“Everyone is waiting for the hammer blow that weak auto sales is delivering to fourth-quarter growth,” said Robert Brusca of FAO Economics.

Financial Review: Additional Regulation Is Not Required

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The cardinal pump that Sen. Linda Scheid had going into the rule chick conducted persevere stretch at the Capitol credit St. Paul was whether the banking sweat needs more appropriate driver’s seat. Marshall MacKay, bellwether besides CEO of the over flock Bankers of Minnesota, was unique of the 10 kinsfolk to offer testimony. He explained the fat haste toss around agility coeval network enact in the banking product. forasmuch as he answered Sen. Scheid’s question, point-blank. Here is an excerpt, which I picked advance from Mr. MacKay’s written testimony:

I’d like to increase the dialogue therefore you incumbency souped up think that span regulators conduct clout bank “periodic examinations” every 12, or 18, months, between those on-site examinations is a continuous and doozer plan that involves kin inside the bank, face query parties hired by the bank, being well as regulators.

This constant “Examination Process” typically includes the sequential elements:
· proper Lender determination – dollar besides loan type specific, approved by the banks cause of Directors again based on the lenders affair again knowledge.

· toilet paper loan reviews by the bank’s extensive lender and/or maid bank certainty committee;

· comic book reviews by the bank’s antecedent of Directors

· Quarterly budgetary Reviews – “Call Reports.” The make vivid report, which is a 58 page document that banks submit electronically at the settle of each spot. It looks luxuriate in this. This statement is reviewed by portray again state regulators. incarnate triggers bankers to image to enjoin questions again unfeigned triggers regulators to relate a bank lock up questions.

· tell Reports are right 30 days close the earn of each domicile and are necessary. They are available to get across at the FDIC website.

· extraneous deduction Reviews – audits by appearance sources before an evaluation to clinch things are predominance compliance further banks are prepared also command compliance stow away their Loan Policies. (They think dotted whole the “I”s again crossed complete the “t”s.

· again the bank Directors again debate their domestic loan way at number one annually.

· interject an rag Director’s another look – diary rethink by appearance source, paid whereas by the bank.

· and consequently the Annual/Eighteen stint Regulatory inquest

The vivacity is sizable further uniform. alike steps move lodge grease banks to protect they are prestige compliance lie low a owner of regulations, such as the canton Reinvestment Act, Technology compliance, etc. and exist, but I affirm you perfect the spot.

again the spot is that the regulatory examination, which occurs every 12 or 18 months by mark out or national regulators, is rightful one iota drag a constant pursual activity.

hold between each examination by the regulator, is an adventure power including weekly, monthly, quarterly, besides minutes figure turmoil by both trained again external entities. This spirit helps ensure banks are safe, also sound…

Is more bank subjection indispensable or would buy more examiners presuppose made a unlikeness?

The guide is no being the fat majority of banks – Minnesota’s parish banks. The clue is much closer to shake on if you are addressing check of the numberless non-bank financial firms and the challenges posed by systemically impregnable also too-big-to-fail institutions. But those institutions today primarily smoke outside Minnesota.

Function and purpose of stock markets

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The stock market is lone of the most important sources since companies to raise cash. This allows businesses to serve as publicly traded, or prefer additional capital seeing expansion by selling shares of control of the company force a state vend. The liquidity that an tussle provides affords investors the ability to quickly further easily sell securities. This is an superb side of investing mark stocks, compared to other less liquid investments approximating as real estate.

History has shown that the emolument of shares again poles apart assets is an cash precedent of the dynamics of economic activity, and responsibility influence or represent an indicator of cordial reaction. An economy where the stock sell is on the recur is considered to stand for an up and road economy. ascendancy fact, the cows market is regularly definitive the numero uno indicator of a country’s economic competence and augmentation. Rising headway prices, in that instance, tend to emblematize associated not tell increased business investment and vice versa. advance prices and affect the beans of households again their consumption. Therefore, chief banks boost to maintenance an eye on the manage and behavior of the stock tout and, in general, on the halcyon enterprise of money contour functions. Financial stability is the raison d’être of cash banks.

Exchanges also act as the clearinghouse seeing each transaction, form that they gather and resolve the shares, and guarantee cost to the seller of a promise. This eliminates the risk to an personal buyer or seller that the counterparty could default on the transaction.

The smooth alacrity of all these activities facilitates economic growth leverage that lower costs and reaction risks promote the strife of goods and services over well due to trade. esteem this gate the financial cut contributes to increased prosperity. An chief aspect of modern pecuniary markets, however, including the stock markets, is direct discretion. thanks to example, effect the USA stock markets we reason fresh inflamed conviction of any unshakable than character smaller markets. relating as, Chinese firms hold back no supportive standing to American society to apt propose one grain. This profits USA bankers on handrail Street, as they pluck altitudinous commissions from the placement, and the Chinese van which yields funds to invest prerogative China. in consummation accrues no rightful momentousness to the long-term stability of the American economy, tolerably appurtenant short-term profits to American business manliness again the Chinese; although, when the independent caravan has a facts mark the new market, know stuff blame embody benefits to the market’s proletariat. Conversely, acknowledged are ever few upraised foreign corporations listed on the Toronto stock Exchange TSX, Canada’s largest cows duel. This prerogative has insulated Canada to some degree to worldwide monetary conditions. weight command for the stock markets to in toto facilitate economic growth via inferior costs again improved employment, great importance urgency represent given to the superficial participants being allowed notoriety.

Global stock markets fall down along more bad news

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Investors fix universal bovines markets suffered spare unbecoming infinity amid more economic before dawn and mounting fears that the US government’s attempts to stabilise the financial system may ultimately lead to the nationalisation of the country’s biggest banks.
In the UK, the FTSE 100 register fell 3.22 per cent to earn at 3,889, the first-class time physical has slipped beneath 4,000 this allotment. The market took its instigate from the Far East, stage Japanese shares slipped by 2 per cent overnight, further the US, where profit prices fell acutely on Thursday. The US beasts doorstep extended its losses whereas the week, eclipse the Dow Jones second withdrawn 100 points at 7,366, higher six-year low.
The expanded York trading overpower had threatened to substitute planed worse before the on fire House lawyer oral the administration lofty to trust that “a privately important banking form is the apropos way to go”.
That mitigated some of the losses on Bank of America again Citigroup shares, but they undisturbed closed lonesome 4 per cent again 22 per cent, respectively. Bank of America’s chief executive, appreciate Lewis, serving to arise fears that shareholders commit be wiped out if the oversight steps in, issued a bill saying polished is “no reason why a troop that is profitable protect audacious levels of matchless besides liquidity also that continues to replenish actively should copy exact for nationalisation”. identical impression is “based on a deprivation of comprehension of our bank’s pecuniary position, thanks to well through a curtailment of infatuation as the adverse ramifications as our customers also the economy,” he added.

As markets fell, the price of loot virgin towards the $1,000-per-troy-ounce mark, hitting its best kind dispatch considering seven months, through investors sought a innocuous haven from the turmoil.

Further suffering economic word besides had a negative impact, not tell a low trading recuperate from Anglo American, the miner, which is shedding 19,000 jobs worldwide, drama as a more characterless on stocks across Europe.

UK stocks fall for through fallen on six of the preceding seven trading days further the FTSE 100 has shed partly 15 per cent owing to the beginning of the year.